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1 - The Role of the Europeans in the Midst of the US-Iran Crisis in January 2020: the Dilemma of being a Normative Power in an Amoral World
سزار کاستیا سمانه کچوئیIssue 2 , Vol. 13 , Spring 2023Abstract: EU's foreign policy instruments have been mainly designed with a normative approach to contribute to stability and peace in a changing political landscape. However, EU foreign policy faces different challenges that constantly test its ability related to confli MoreAbstract: EU's foreign policy instruments have been mainly designed with a normative approach to contribute to stability and peace in a changing political landscape. However, EU foreign policy faces different challenges that constantly test its ability related to conflict resolution, international understanding, and the defence of its Interests, such as the crisis between the US and Iran in January 2020. This research will answer the following question: What were the failures of the EU's foreign policy in the middle of the crisis between the US and Iran in January 2020? This paper aims to determine the shortcoming of the EU foreign policy affecting its role as a Global Power during the US-Iran crisis in January 2020. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Investigating the Impact of Innovation on Internationalization and Business System Growth among Entrepreneurs
Hamidreza Jalaei علی خوزین Ebrahim Abbasi Hossein DidehkhaniIssue 5 , Vol. 12 , Autumn 2022With the advent of globalization, entrepreneurs are faced with new opportunities through access to new markets to offer products. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of innovation on internationalization and business growth among entreprene MoreWith the advent of globalization, entrepreneurs are faced with new opportunities through access to new markets to offer products. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of innovation on internationalization and business growth among entrepreneurs. The method of this research is descriptive survey and applied in terms of purpose, which has been done with a mixed approach. The data of this research were collected through library studies and in the field method through the distribution of questionnaires. In the qualitative section, the opinions of 15 academic experts in the fields of entrepreneurship and business management, as well as the managers of the Industry, Mining and Trade Organization of Golestan Province, who were purposefully selected, were used. The statistical population includes senior managers of manufacturing companies in Golestan province. According to the Krejcie-Morgan table, 196 samples were selected by a simple random sampling method. In the quantitative part, the parameters of the research model are estimated by the structural equation modeling method. Findings showed that factors such as technology level, entrepreneurial human capital, and human capital of the society, potential competition, and economic performance are effective in creating innovation in manufacturing industries, and promoting the level of innovation leads to more internationalization and creating expectations. Growth is in entrepreneurs. Market accessibility, in turn, creates positive expectations for business growth, which leads to more competition and innovation, and ultimately contributes to a higher level of internationalization of the company's product. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Pathology of Implementing Public Policies in Iran and Presenting a Model "Case Study: Rural Development Policies in the Fourth and Fifth Development Plans"
Ali Dezhman Karamullah Daneshfard گارینه کشیشیان سیرکیIssue 1 , Vol. 13 , Winter 2023Public policy-making is a six-stage cycle, and the implementation of policies is one of the most sensitive stages of its formulation, failure in this stage leads to the failure of the entire policy-making process. Also, policy-making includes an interactive process betw MorePublic policy-making is a six-stage cycle, and the implementation of policies is one of the most sensitive stages of its formulation, failure in this stage leads to the failure of the entire policy-making process. Also, policy-making includes an interactive process between setting goals and necessary actions to realize them, which may be disrupted by many challenges, obstacles, and limitations. In this research, the goal was Pathology of implementation of rural development policies in the fourth and fifth development plans. This research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive and survey based on the nature of the data. The results of the research are presented in two qualitative and quantitative sections. In the main and qualitative part of the research, using the Delphi technique, we investigated the damage of rural development in the fourth and fifth programs. At first, using the opinions of experts, the gap between the existing state of rural development and the ideal state was determined, and based on the opinions of experts and the T-Tech test, it was determined that there is a fundamental difference between the current state and the ideal state. and in the current situation in the indicators of employment status, housing, medical and treatment facilities, digital infrastructure, transportation and communication route, industrial agriculture, welfare and recreation, cultural-educational, tourism and underground water the average quality was low. Therefore, the necessity of carrying out the pathology of the implementation of rural development policies became clearer. Then, based on the theoretical background of the research, as well as interviewing and completing the questionnaire by specialists and research elites, the indicators of developmental pathology were compiled, and finally, the final model of the questionnaire was compiled, and the quantitative results of the questionnaire were extracted based on the answers of the participants in the research. In the quantitative analysis and chi square test results, it was shown that the role of policy indicators, juridical and legal obstacles, political, social and economic factors, motivations and attitudes of executives, administrative system and bureaucracy, are insufficient and inappropriate. The lack of tools is significant in the absence of rural development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Rouhani Foreign Policy and International Crisis Management (JCPOA and U.S Domestic Factors )
عیسی کاملی Garineh keshishyan Hassan Khodaverdi Mohammadkazem SajjadpourIssue 1 , Vol. 12 , Winter 2022 -
Open Access Article
5 - Oil Dollars and the Deal of the Century
Mahnaz Sadat Elhami Mohammadreza Dehshiri Mohammadreza GhaediIssue 6 , Vol. 12 , Winter 2022Trump's era also included Palestine as it witnessed a change in methods and approaches in all regional, economic, political, international and military relations. And it brought about a fundamental change in the approach of the American government's plan for Palestine. MoreTrump's era also included Palestine as it witnessed a change in methods and approaches in all regional, economic, political, international and military relations. And it brought about a fundamental change in the approach of the American government's plan for Palestine. In the plan that the "Trump" administration presented under the title "Deal of the Century", the basis for solving the Palestinian issue is not the "two-state" plan, but the formation of a "Jewish national homeland" in Palestine. Contrary to the "Middle East Peace Process" which was followed by the Arab countries along with the United States and the European Union, and in which the solution of the Palestinian issue and the formation of an independent Palestinian state based on the borders of 1967 was supposed to be the condition and prelude to the normalization of relations between the Arab countries and the Zionist regime. Trump announced in the "Deal of the Century" that the normalization of Arab countries' relations with the Zionist regime is a prelude to solving the Palestinian issue. In this research, in search of an answer to the question, what was the basis of America's foreign policy in the Middle East during the presidency of Donald Trump, especially regarding the deal of the century? And what was the role of oil dollars in this regard? We reached this conclusion by using the descriptive-analytical method and by using Michael Brecher's chaos theory and crisis theory; that the American foreign policy in the Middle East during the presidency of Donald Trump, especially regarding the deal of the century, has been based on a unilateral settlement approach and on the basis of protecting Israel's interests. And moving the American embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem and establishing relations between Israel and the Arabs have been among its achievements. In this regard, Arab countries such as Saudi Arabia and the UAE provided economic support to this plan using their oil dollars. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Expansion Factors of Extremism on the Continent of Africa and its Containment Strategies
Yasser Kanani Bandkohan Gholamhossein BolandianIssue 2 , Vol. 8 , Spring 2018In various parts of the world, the continent of Africa is struggling with the phenomenon of terrorism and extremism more than other regions. This continent, for various reasons, including the various weaknesses of software and hardware, including economic backwardness, MoreIn various parts of the world, the continent of Africa is struggling with the phenomenon of terrorism and extremism more than other regions. This continent, for various reasons, including the various weaknesses of software and hardware, including economic backwardness, political instabilities, social inequalities, and foreign interventions that find their interests only in insecurity and instability, it has now become a safe haven for extremists and violent groups. This is while fighting the phenomenon of extremism and terrorism, It is also only through the hardware and military practices that the Western powers use as a strategy to repatriate terrorism in the area. Not only has it not led to the eradication of terrorism at this point in the world, but also the result of the photo. The emergence of Al-Shabaab, Boko Haram, Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, ISIL, Ansar al-Sharia, Ansar Bayt al-Qaeda and so on has led to an increase in the use of force by terrorist groups in African countries. However, the identification, containment, and counteraction to this extremism are currently on the agenda of the security, military, and political system of these countries. Western, American and Arab versions have not been able to control this surge and thus, identification of coherent and native strategies for controlling extremism and violence in a modest perspective can be realized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Effect of Women's Publications on Promoting the Position of Women in Qajar Period
Fatemeh Mahboob علی اصغر داودی Hamid Saeedi JavadiIssue 1 , Vol. 13 , Winter 2023During the Qajar period, women were subjected to severe restrictions due to patriarchal and traditional society, and due to illiteracy and lack of presence in society, they suffered from ignorance of the environment and ignorance due to lack of connection with the outsi MoreDuring the Qajar period, women were subjected to severe restrictions due to patriarchal and traditional society, and due to illiteracy and lack of presence in society, they suffered from ignorance of the environment and ignorance due to lack of connection with the outside world. In addition to associations, women created women's magazines and newspapers to raise awareness and protest their status. The Constitutional Revolution led to the gradual presence of women journalists and women's publications in the press arena. This was not easy to do because religious and traditional communities were among the factors limiting women's activities. For this reason, the question arises that what effect did women's publications have on the promotion of the position and situation of women in Qajar society? Given that after the Constitutional Revolution, newspapers were one of the most important media outlets, the hypothesis is that women, like other sections of society, have expressed their views and goals through publications and tried to raise awareness and change the mentality and attitude of women. The results of the research show the growth of awareness, change of attitude and the entry of a large number of women into society. Because with the entry of the first Pahlavi period, submissive women without claiming the Qajar period, have become aware and demanding women and have raised demands such as equal rights with men and the right to enter society and employment, which is mainly the result of the activities of Qajar periodicals. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical and the data are collected in a library method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - A Comparative Glance at Thomas Hobbes and John Locke's Ideas on the Concept of Freedom
Khashayar Bourbouri Hosseinali Nowzari Reza ShirzadiIssue 4 , Vol. 11 , Autumn 2021 -
Open Access Article
9 - The Role of Identity in Iraq’s (post- Saddam) Challenges and Iran’s Foreign Policy Orientation
مسلم حقی Mohammad Yousefi Jouybari,Issue 6 , Vol. 12 , Winter 2022With the collapse of Iraq’s previous political structures by US invasion in 2003, all political and social institutions based on Ba'ath party ideology were dismantled and Iraq entered into a new phase. The democracy entrance in Iraq began in 2003 and led to an acc MoreWith the collapse of Iraq’s previous political structures by US invasion in 2003, all political and social institutions based on Ba'ath party ideology were dismantled and Iraq entered into a new phase. The democracy entrance in Iraq began in 2003 and led to an acceptable political participation level with the constitution drafting in 2005 and with various election holding by people direct voting. Iraq’s entrance into the new phase has made regional actors sensitive to their future, including Iran. Iraq’s domestic ethnic-religious characteristics and geographical location have tied its events to its neighbors and international actors. The political structure, social realities and the lack of comprehensive identity to achieve political order have created many challenges in current Iraq. These challenges in various political, social, ethnic-religious, security, etc. dimensions have disturbed the forming of a national identity process in Iraq and created the necessary ground for terrorism and terrorist groups’ emergence and creation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of identity in Iraq’s (post- Saddam) challenges and Iran’s foreign policy orientation applying Constructivism Theory. The descriptive-analytical method and library resources used in collecting data and information. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Third Millennium US Military Strategies in the Persian Gulf Region and National Security of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Ali Asghar Ghafari Charati Hassan Khodaverdi گارینه کشیشیان سیرکیIssue 4 , Vol. 12 , Autumn 2022
